Citation generator
What is MHRA referencing?
MHRA referencing is a style of referencing developed by the Modern Humanities Research Association. It is intended primarily for use in connection with books and journals published by the Association but is also used in a wider context by students.
The third edition of the MHRA Style Guide is available to purchase in bookshops and online. If it’s the style you’ve been told to follow, make sure you do just that, as it’s what you’ll be marked on.
How to MHRA reference
Footnotes are of key importance to the MHRA referencing style. You should insert footnote numbers in your text every time you quote or paraphrase another person’s words or ideas. When referring to a source for the first time, you need to provide the full details in the footnote. After that, references can be provided in an abbreviated form.
You’ll also need to provide a full bibliography at the end of the essay, which needs to be carefully formatted according to the type of material you’ve cited – be it a book, journal, website, film or anything else. The bibliography only needs to include material that you’ve directly cited in your work.
Popular MHRA style Citation Examples
How to cite a Book in MHRA style
Use the following template to cite a book using the MHRA citation style. Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename, Title (City: Publisher, Year Published), p. Pages Used
Example:
Barnard, Malcolm, Fashion As Communication (London: Routledge, 2002)
How to cite a Journal in MHRA style
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename, 'Title', Publication Title, Volume number (Year Published), Pages Used <http://dx.doi.org/DOI Number>
Example:
Ruggie, John Gerard, 'International Regimes, Transactions, And Change: Embedded Liberalism In The Postwar Economic Order', International Organization, 36 (1982), 379-344 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300018993>
How to cite Film or Movie in MHRA style
Template:
Title (City: Publisher, Year Published)
Example:
Star Wars: Episode II: Attack Of The Clones (George Lucas, 2002)
How to cite an Online image or video in MHRA style
Reference List
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename, Title, Year Published <http://Website URL> [accessed Date Accessed]
Example:
Valentini, James, Pcell Technologies, 2014 <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bO0tjAdOIw> [accessed 19 September 2014]
How to cite a Website in MHRA style
Reference List
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename, 'Title', Year Published <http://Website URL> [accessed Date Accessed]
Example:
strachan, glenda, Www98.griffith.edu.au, 2007 <http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/36422/66060_1.pdf;jsessionid=6BBDB7F3E15D20654BDE239E65FFC6BF?sequence=1> [accessed 15 June 2014]
Additional MHRA style Citation Examples
How to cite a Blog in MHRA style
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename, 'Title', Publication Title, Year Published <http://Website URL> [accessed Date Accessed]
Example:
Sjef, Ben, 'Roger Davies 'Superstar Manager'', Tina Turner blog, 2012 <http://tinaturnerblog.com/2012/08/12/roger-davies-the-man-behind-the-legend/> [accessed 1 August 2014]
How to cite a Newspaper in MHRA style
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename, 'Title', Publication Title, Year Published, p. Pages Used <http://Website URL> [accessed Date Accessed]
Example:
Sedghi, Ami, 2014 <http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/feb/04/facebook-in-numbers-statistics> [accessed 15 August 2014]
How to cite a Podcast in MHRA style
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename, 'Title', Publication Title, Year Published <http://Website URL> [accessed Date Accessed]
Example:
Baggini, Dr Julian, 'Understanding Sacred Texts', Authority and belief, 2014 <http://www.bl.uk/learning/cult/sacred/understanding/> [accessed 11 August 2014]